Retrospectives: Captains of Industry
追溯“工业领袖”一词的起源和演变，从卡莱尔的社会控制工具到沃克的生产要素，再到凡勃伦的批判，揭示其含义的变迁。
This paper traces the origin and use of the term “captains of industry.” Introduced by the Scottish historian and essayist Thomas Carlyle in the midnineteenth century, its meanings and associations were very different from today. For Carlyle, they were ferocious instruments of social control who would force the unemployed and idle to work and, if necessary, discipline them. The term, if not the meaning, rapidly entered the popular lexicon. It was brought into economics by Francis Walker, the first president of the AEA, who argued that the captain of industry was a fourth factor of production and the engine of industrial progress. While many other writers shared this view, Veblen did not.