Assessing the Importance of Tiebout Sorting: Local Heterogeneity from 1850 to 1990
利用美国市镇和县的历史数据（1850-1990），发现随着迁移成本下降，地方公共品偏好和供给的异质性并未如蒂伯特模型预测的那样增加，反而下降，挑战了该模型的解释力。
This paper argues that long-run trends in geographic segregation are inconsistent with models where residential choice depends solely on local public goods (the Tiebout hypothesis). We develop an extension of the Tiebout model that predicts as mobility costs fall, the heterogeneity across communities of individual public good preferences and of public good provision must (weakly) increase. Given the secular decline in mobility costs, these predictions can be evaluated using historical data. We find decreasing heterogeneity in policies and proxies for preferences across (i) a sample of U.S. municipalities (1870–1990); (ii) all Boston-area municipalities (1870–1990); and (iii) all U.S. counties (1850–1990).