The economics of Cain and Abel: Agro‐pastoral property rights in the Sahel
用动态规划模型模拟西非萨赫勒地区农牧民的双重经济体系，发现排他性私有产权并非最优，而牧民灵活调整的产权安排更优，多重产权制度对农牧民最有利。
The complementarity of the economic systems of nomads and farmers is often overshadowed by the conflicts inherent in the competition over the control of land. The conflict is one of property rights. A dynamic programming model of the West African Sahel is presented that simulates the emergence of a dual economy based on the comparative advantage of the farmer and the pastoralist. The model illustrates that exclusive private property rights have no claim to optimality. The analysis of risk in an intertemporal framework suggests the optimality of another type of property right ‐ the right to flexible adjustment typically claimed by the pastoralist. Multiple property regimes provide optimal settings for farmers and pastoralists.