“She Has Suddenly Become Powerful”: Youth Employment and Household Decision Making in the Early Twentieth Century
研究一百年前美国工作儿童如何通过贡献收入换取家庭决策影响力，利用1917-1919年生活成本调查数据，发现工作儿童服装支出更高且随其收入增加而上升。
In the United States a century ago, working children turned over almost all of their earnings to their parents. What incentives, then, did they have to work? Standard answers include altruism or the “sticks” wielded by parents and employers. This article argues that there were also “carrots”: working gave children greater influence in household decision making. Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Cost of Living Survey 1917–1919, this article shows that working children had higher clothing expenditures than did nonworking children and that clothing expenditures were increasing in the income a child brought into the household.