Personal and Organizational Determinants of Perceived Absence Norms
通过访谈和定量分析，研究医院员工对缺勤行为可接受程度的信念，发现个人缺勤历史、工作小组平均缺勤率和所属缺勤文化影响其规范感知，且感知规范能预测一年后的缺勤天数。
A two-phase study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology to study absenteeism in a complex, hospital setting. The primary focus was to identify the bases of employees' beliefs about what is acceptable and expected in terms of absence behavior. Through a series of employee interviews, two different absence cultures were identified. We found evidence that employees' normative perceptions were influenced by their prior personal absence, and by the average level of absence within both their immediate work group and the absence culture to which they belonged. Perceived norms were also shown to predict future individual absence (total days absent) 1 year later. Theoretical and practical implications of this research were discussed.