Strategy and organizational evolution
企业竞争优势通常只能维持几年，战略规划需持续产生新想法以寻找新优势，并关注决策初始阶段，如机会识别和行动方案设计。
A business firm's ‘niche’ or comparative advantage typically has a half-life of years rather than decades. Strategic planning must assure a stream of new ideas that allow the firm to find new sources of comparative advantage. Strategic planning must focus attention on the initial stages of the decision-making processes—opportunities and occasions for choice, and the design of new action strategies for products, marketing, and financing. Product identification and alternative generation are crucial components of strategy. Strategic thinking must permeate the entire organization. Effective identification of employees with the organization's strategy requires their exposure to the basic postulates that underlie strategic plans.