Wage determination in Brazil: The growth of union bargaining power and informal employment
研究了1980年代至1990年代初巴西制造业的工资决定，发现国家放松集体谈判管制后，租金分享和内部人谈判力量增强，实际工资对公开失业反应迟钝，非正规部门约束了正规部门工资谈判并缓冲劳动力市场冲击。
This article examines wage determination in Brazilian manufacturing during the 1980s and early 1990s. It presents evidence to show that the reduction in state regulation of collective bargaining has led to the development of a system of wage determination which is increasingly characterised by rent sharing and insider trade union bargaining power. Real wages appear increasingly inflexible with respect to movements in open unemployment, with a large informal sector disciplining formal sector wage bargaining and cushioning the impact of broader labour market conditions. An important consequence of this is that the employment costs of a successful counter‐inflationary strategy may be very severe.