Size and Productivity in the U.S. Milling and Baking Industries
分析了1950年代末至1990年代中期美国谷物碾磨和饲料制造业的生产率增长，发现约15%的增长来自规模经济，技术变化呈现资本使用、材料节约和劳动力使用增加的趋势。
Abstract From the late 1950s through mid‐1990s, productivity growth in U.S. grain milling and feed manufacturing has been consistently strong and positive. In grain milling, approximately 15% of the growth is due to size economies. Technical change has been capital‐using, increasingly material‐saving, and, in recent years, decreasingly labor‐saving or increasingly labor‐using. The quality of capital has risen relative to that of labor and materials. In all but the baking industry, capital intensification and incentives for plant size growth remain unabated.