On the Measurement of Welfare for Market and Nonmarket Goods: A Numerical Approach
扩展了Vartia(1983)的框架，提出一种基于不完全(混合)需求系统的数值方法，用于精确测度市场与非市场商品的福利变化，为消费者剩余等临时方法提供了灵活且基础扎实的替代方案。
Abstract Extending Vartia's (1983) framework, the paper presents a simple numerical approach to the measurement of welfare for market and nonmarket goods on the basis of an incomplete (mixed) demand system. The method allows the determination of exact welfare measures. It provides a flexible and well‐founded alternative to ad hoc methods based on consumer surplus.