A Test of the Theory of Reference-Dependent Preferences
识别了八种在金钱与消费品之间引出偏好的方法，并利用激励相容实验检验了特沃斯基和卡尼曼的损失厌恶假说，结果大致支持该理论。
Eight alternative methods of eliciting preferences between money and a consumption good are identified: two of these are standard willingness-to-accept and willingness-to-pay measures. These methods differ with respect to the reference point used and the dimension in which responses are expressed. The loss aversion hypothesis of Tversky and Kahneman's theory of reference-dependent preferences predicts systematic differences between the preferences elicited by these methods. These predictions are tested by eliciting individuals' preferences for two private consumption goods; the experimental design is incentive-compatible and controls for income and substitution effects. The theory's predictions are broadly confirmed.