Internationalization Process of Spanish Small Firms
基于250家西班牙中小企业的数据，研究其国际化策略（主动与被动）、交易形式（市场与合作）及障碍，发现两种理论视角互补，且高承诺企业倾向合作治理。
The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical and empirical evidence to offer a more integrative vision of the internationalization process of SMEs. Traditionally the literature on the internationalization process has been based on two perspectives, the process theory and the international new ventures model. Combining both approaches and based on empirical data collected from 250 Spanish SMEs, the article explores two possible internationalization strategies (proactive and reactive), identifying the international transaction forms (market and cooperation agreements) and the obstacles and barriers that SMEs meet in internationalization. Our results suggest the complementariness of two theoretical perspectives to explain the internationalization process. Further, that strategic positioning of SMEs is the outcome of a 'learning cycle' that allows firms to overcome internal and external obstacles.When SMEs have a high commitment and control of their international activities, our results also show that firms tend to prefer alternative governance mechanisms such as cooperation. The implications of these results, both for managerial and public policy, are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.