Winners and Losers in Russia's Economic Transition
利用俄罗斯转型前后的家庭调查数据，发现1991至1994年间工资不平等几乎翻倍，技能回报上升，但老年工人和女性相对工资下降。
The transition to a market economy has produced a substantial and rapid change in the wage structure in Russia. Household surveys taken before and after the transition indicate that overall wage inequality nearly doubled from 1991 to 1994 and has reached a level higher than that in the United States. Returns to both measured skills (education, occupation) and unmeasured skills within groups have increased considerably. Skill premiums across experience groups, however, have become more compressed and relative wages of older workers have declined. In addition, female wages have declined relative to male wages across all percentiles of the wage distribution. Copyright 1998 by American Economic Association.