The Potential Role of Multilevel Programming in Agricultural Economics
提出一种新的数学规划问题，涉及层级关系中两个决策者各自的目标函数和变量，并探讨其在农业（能源与环境）政策问题中的应用，同时回顾计算方法并给出两个示例。
Abstract This paper discusses a new class of problem related to mathematical programming but with two separate decision makers in hierarchical relationship, each with his own objective function and control over distinct but interacting variables. The relationship of this problem to agricultural (energy and environmental) policy problems is developed, together with the relationship of this new problem structure to mathematical programming, game theory, control theory, and principal agent theory. Suggested computational approaches are reviewed, along with the solution to two illustrative examples of the use of the technique.