SPATIAL IMPACTS OF AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES*
利用荷兰南荷兰省所有企业的普查数据，研究发现集聚经济对就业增长和新企业选址有正向影响，但这种效应随距离快速衰减，对多数行业而言，集聚力的作用尺度可能小于城市范围。
ABSTRACT This article examines the extent to which agglomeration economies in one location affect employment growth and establishment births, using data from the Dutch province of South‐Holland. The data are of particular interest because they represent a census, rather than a sample, of all establishments and the location of establishments can be pinpointed to within 416 (postal) zip code areas averaging less than 6 km 2 in size. Results suggest that agglomeration economies positively affect employment growth and the location of new establishments, but with the possible exception of manufacturing, this effect dies out quickly with distance. Thus, the main finding is that for many industries, agglomerative forces may well operate at a geographic scale that is smaller than a city.