Investigating the anatomy of the employment effect of new business formation
将新企业形成对区域就业的总贡献分解为直接就业效应和对现有企业的间接效应，发现间接效应比直接效应更重要，且区域差异主要由间接效应解释。
We decompose the overall contribution of new business formation on regional employment into the direct employment effect and the indirect effects that entries have on incumbents. The results indicate that the overall effect of new business formation on incumbent employment is positive and quantitatively more important than the employment generated in the newcomers themselves. The major part of regional difference in employment change caused by entries is explained by differences in the entries' effects on incumbent employment. We conclude that the interaction of start-ups with their regional environment plays a decisive role in explaining their overall impact on regional development. Based on these findings, suggestions for policy and further research are offered. Copyright , Oxford University Press.