Researching Long-Term Orientation
基于已有概念，通过内容分析技术进一步发展和验证了家族企业长期导向构念，发现家族企业在三个维度上均高于非家族企业，为未来研究提供了有效工具。
Assumptions about the long-term orientation (LTO) of family firms are common in family business research. Drawing on prior conceptualizations, this article further develops and validates the LTO construct using content analysis techniques on two separate samples of data. Validation comes through empirical analysis of content validity, external validity, dimensionality, and concurrent validity. We find that family firms are higher than nonfamily firms on all three dimensions of LTO. We also discuss how future research can use this now-validated construct to address key questions in family business research, as well as inform the broader business literature.