Macro‐Determinants of Gambling in Industrialized Nations
研究了21个工业化国家商业赌博的宏观决定因素，发现人均收入、经济不确定性、人口价值观和社会福利支出四个变量与赌博支出占可支配收入的比例显著相关。
SUMMARY This study investigates some of the macro‐determinants of commercial gambling in 21 industrialized nations. Of the possible economic determinants, two seem particularly important: the per capita income of the country since gambling represents a larger share of the income of low‐income people than high‐income people; and the general uncertainty of the economic environment, as measured by annual fluctuations in the GDP. Of the possible cultural determines, two also seem particularly important: the values held by the population, as measured by a factor analysis of a number of questions from the World Value Study; and the degree to which the society insures against risk through social welfare expenditures. For the OECD nations in the early part of the 21 st century, all four variables prove to be significantly related to the ratio of gambling expenditures to disposable income.