Characteristics of Managerial Careers in the 21st century
基于组织趋势分析和访谈问卷，识别未来商业组织中成功管理者所需的能力组合，并描述传统层级、网络和新兴细胞式结构下的职业特征。
The characteristics and attributes that typify a managerial career are shifting along with developments in organization structure. The competencies needed by a successful manager in today's organizations may be inadequate in the emerging organizational forms of the 21st century. Based on an analysis of organizational trends, as well as on interviews and a questionnaire survey, we identify the mix of competencies required for a successful career in business organizations of the future. First, we describe careers in traditional hierarchical organizations. Next, we examine the impact on careers of the currently popular network form of organizing. Finally, we describe a new organizational form, the “cellular” structure, and its accompanying managerial characteristics and careers.