Revisiting Prebisch and Singer: beyond the declining terms of trade thesis and on to technological capability development
重新解读普雷维什和辛格的观点，指出他们更关注收入贸易条件而非商品贸易条件下降，主张进口替代与出口促进相结合，并强调提升本土技术密度和能力以实现工业化。
Rather than the thesis of a secular decline in the commodity terms of trade, Prebisch and Singer were more concerned with the income terms of trade. Consequently, they advocated (moderate) import substitution (IS) and recommended having it interweaved with export promotion (EP). To avoid technological dependence but achieve integrated industrialisation while coordinating IS with EP, Prebisch emphasised enhancing indigenous ‘technological densities’ and Singer stressed building the indigenous ‘capacities to create wealth’. That means while foreign direct investments should be attracted, those activities should be managed and directed accordingly. Prebisch hoped to narrow the gap in centre–periphery technological uneven development while Singer aimed at tackling international dualism between rich and poor countries in the use of science and technology.