Comparing heterogeneous consumption in U.S. and Japanese meat and fish demand
利用全国季度数据，通过广义几乎理想需求系统分析美日家庭对肉类和鱼类的预承诺需求，发现美国消费者对牛肉和猪肉、日本消费者对牛肉和鱼类有显著预承诺需求，部分解释了两国消费者对非价格和非收入因素反应的差异。
Abstract This article uses national, quarterly data to conduct an empirical analysis of pre‐committed meat and fish demand by U.S. and Japanese households using the generalized almost ideal demand system (GAIDS). Pre‐committed demand represents the component of demand that is insensitive to both income and price adjustments. U.S. consumers are found to hold significant positive pre‐committed demand for beef and pork, while Japanese consumers appear to possess significant, positive pre‐committed demand for beef and fish. This provides evidence to partially explain observed differences in Japanese and U.S. consumer reactions to nonprice and nonincome effects in beef, pork, poultry, and fish. In addition, based on in‐ and out‐of‐sample performance, the more general GAIDS is preferred to the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) for both the U.S. and Japanese demand systems. Results lend to improved demand modeling efforts and more complete understanding of true market forces at hand in meat and fish markets for these culturally diverse consumer groups.