The Career Costs of Children
通过动态生命周期模型，量化了孩子对女性职业生涯的长期成本，包括技能损失、收入机会丧失和转向更育儿友好型职业，并发现鼓励生育政策的长期效果远小于短期。
We estimate a dynamic life cycle model of labor supply, fertility, and savings, incorporating occupational choices, with specific wage paths and skill atrophy that vary over the career. This allows us to understand the trade-off between occupational choice and desired fertility, as well as sorting both into the labor market and across occupations. We quantify the life cycle career costs associated with children, how they decompose into loss of skills during interruptions, lost earnings opportunities, and selection into more child-friendly occupations. We analyze the long-run effects of policies that encourage fertility and show that they are considerably smaller than short-run effects.