Who Owns Guns? Criminals, Victims and the Culture of Violence
基于美国综合社会调查数据，研究枪支拥有者的特征，发现枪支拥有者既非典型罪犯也非受害者，且枪支拥有与不信任政府、警察覆盖率低及暴力报复倾向相关。
America is a nation filled with guns and gunowners. Using the General Social Survey, we investigate who owns guns. Gunowners resemble neither criminals nor victims, although they do hunt. Waiting periods appear to have little effect on the overall level of gun ownership, but they do lower the propensity to own guns among people who have been arrested. Living around other gunowners increases gun ownership. Guns appear to be a substitute for the legal system, because gun ownership is highest among people who do not trust the government and where the availability of police is lowest. Guns also are associated with a general taste for violent retribution.