The wages of motherhood: better or worse?
利用英国两个队列研究数据，发现母亲工资低于无子女女性，并分解了这种“家庭差距”的原因，发现兼职工作的低薪和生育后就业中断是重要因素。
Data from two British cohort studies show that women with children have lower wages than childless women. We develop an innovative decomposition of this 'family gap'. The crude pay gap between mothers and childless women in their thirties was similar in 1978 and 1991, but low pay in part-time work became more important in explaining this gap, and human capital less so. We find that, among full-time employees, women who broke their employment at childbirth were subsequently paid less than childless women. In contrast, mothers who maintained employment continuity were as well paid as childless women, but neither were as well remunerated as men. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.