Multi-Period Competition with Switching Costs
分析无限期市场中双寡头在消费者转换成本下的价格与市场份额演化，发现转换成本提高价格和利润，且有利于新进入者。
The authors analyze the evolution of duopolists' prices and market shares in an infinite-period market with consumer switching costs in which in every period new consumers arrive and a fraction of old consumers leaves. They show prices (and profits) are higher than without switching costs and that this result does not depend importantly on their specific assumptions. The authors show switching costs make the market more attractive to a new entrant, even though an entrant must overcome the disadvantage that a large fraction of the market is already committed to the incumbent's product. They also examine the effects of market growth. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.