An Economic Analysis of Alternative Grazing Fee Systems
评估了当前及七种替代放牧费制度，从总福利、收入分配、未来费用与牧草价值差异、行政成本、使用潜力、可行性和数据需求等标准进行比较，发现这些标准相互矛盾，基于私人土地租赁费率、政府行政成本或竞争性投标的制度最为一致。
Abstract Congress called for an evaluation of potential grazing fees and fee alternatives by 1985. This study contributes to that evaluation and constitutes an economic evaluation of the current and seven other fee systems. Fee systems are evaluated for total welfare, income distribution, future discrepancies between fees and forage values, public administration cost, usage potential, administrative feasibility, and data requirements. These criteria are found to be mutually inconsistent, particularly for welfare, future discrepancies, public administration cost, and income distribution. Fee systems most consistent with these criteria involve ones based on private land lease rates, government administration costs, or competitive bidding.