Agglomeration effects and performance: a test of the Texas lodging industry
研究了德克萨斯州住宿业中竞争对手集聚带来的外部性，发现乡村市场中连锁酒店和大型酒店产生正外部性，但独立酒店和小型酒店获益最多，部分企业反而受损。
Abstract While competition decreases rents for firms, the presence of competitors may create benefits. Competitors that agglomerate, that are physically proximate, may create externalities—production efficiencies or heightened demand that increases rents. When such externalities exist, then who gains from and who contributes to them? We examine how other competitors' traits affect performance in Texas's lodging industry. In rural markets, we find that chain hotels and larger hotels contribute to positive externalities. While expecting those hotels similar to the establishments creating these externalities to gain, we find the opposite. Independent hotels and smaller hotels gain the most. Interestingly, some establishments are harmed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.