The nature, sources, and consequences of firm differences in the early history of the semiconductor industry
研究了早期半导体产业中四家企业的不同表现与行为，发现关键差异源于技术目标、研发与制造整合能力，以及企业进入条件，并指出技术多样性对产业技术进步的重要性。
Four entrants into the early semiconductor industry—Sprague Electric, Motorola, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories, and Fairchild Semiconductor—displayed remarkably different performance and behavior. Case studies of the firms demonstrate that the key differences stemmed from the firms' technological goals and activities and their abilities to integrate R&D and manufacturing. These differences can in turn be related to the firms' origins and their different conditions upon entry into the semiconductor industry, which had lasting effects due to constraints on change. While the cases offer limited prescriptions for management, they underscore the importance of technological diversity for an industry's rate of technical advance and, in turn, public policies that support such diversity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.