对消费及其他罪恶征税

Taxing Consumption and Other Sins

Journal of Economic Perspectives · 2007
被引 65
人大 A-ABS 4

中文导读

比较了美国以所得税和工资税为主的税收体系与世界其他地区更依赖消费税的做法,指出消费税能减少对投资的扭曲、改善环境外部性,且可通过设计实现累进性。

Abstract

Federal and state governments in the United States use income and payroll taxes as their primary tools to collect revenue. Relative to the United States, governments in the rest of the world rely much more heavily on taxing consumption. Heavy American reliance on income rather than consumption taxation has not served the U.S. economy well. The inefficiency associated with taxing the return to capital means that the tax system reduces investment in the United States and distorts intertemporal consumption by Americans. While the economic logic of consumption taxation is compelling even for a closed economy, it is even more powerful for an open economy exposed to the world capital market. Consumption taxes in the form of excises can be designed to help protect the environment and control other externalities. Excise taxes can also serve the function of more closely aligning tax burdens with the benefits that taxpayers receive from certain government services. Understandable concerns arise about the distributional consequences of consumption taxation, but a system that relies heavily on consumption taxes, particularly if accompanied by an income tax, can be as progressive as any income tax the United States would realistically want to adopt.

消费税资本所得税效率损失外部性