Free-Riding on Power Laws: questioning the validity of the Impact Factor as a measure of research quality in organization studies
指出影响因子在组织研究领域被广泛用于评价期刊和文章质量，但因其引文分布极端不均，多数文章和期刊可借少数高引文章“搭便车”，导致质量判断错误率过半，质疑其作为质量代理指标的可靠性。
The simplicity and apparent objectivity of the Institute for Scientific Information’s Impact Factor has resulted in its widespread use to assess the quality of organization studies journals and by extension the impact of the articles they publish and the achievements of their authors. After describing how such uses of the Impact Factor can distort both researcher and editorial behavior to the detriment of the field, I show how extreme variability in article citedness permits the vast majority of articles— and journals themselves—to free-ride on a small number of highly-cited articles. I conclude that the Impact Factor has little credibility as a proxy for the quality of either organization studies journals or the articles they publish, resulting in attributions of journal or article quality that are incorrect as much or more than half the time. The clear implication is that we need to cease our reliance on such a non-scientific, quantitative characterization to evaluate the quality of our work.