Top managers and TQM success: One more look after all these years
研究了高层管理者对时间、市场和客户的内在态度如何影响企业全面质量管理项目的性质，解释了TQM成败的关键因素。
Executive Overview Few authors who attempt to explain the recent problems of total quality management (TQM) pay much attention to the ways in which the attitudes of top managers affect the quality of such programs, even though the most respected authorities on TQM have long argued that top management's leadership is key to TQM's success or failure. Our research indicates that top managers' underlying, often unspoken, orientations toward time, market, and customers affect the nature of their firms' TQM programs.