Retrospectives: Price Indexes and General Exchange Values
回顾19世纪以来价格指数使用引发的关于绝对价值与相对交换价值的争论，重点分析杰文斯、马歇尔和凯恩斯对指数能否定义真实价值的怀疑，以及后续政治辩论中识别适用于全体人口的真实生活成本指数的困难。
The spreading use of indexes in the nineteenth century raised basic questions concerning the nature of absolute value in a neoclassical world of relative exchange values. Where Walsh held that the 'right' index for the general exchange value of money would identify true values, Jevons, Marshall, and especially Keynes were highly skeptical that such values could be defined without interpersonal comparisons of utility. Subsequent political debates over the use of indexation, especially those of World War II and the current period, have underlined the difficulty of identifying a true cost-of-living index applicable to all components of the population.