Resolving the Presidential Puzzle
研究了美国民主党与共和党总统任期内股票回报差异的原因，发现该差异可由市场风险和违约风险溢价的不同来解释。
Many financial economists are puzzled by the fact that stock returns are higher under Democratic than Republican presidencies. In this paper, we test whether this return differential is explained by risk using a conditional version of the Fama and French (1993) model that allows risk to vary across political cycles. We find that the presidential puzzle can be explained when risk is properly taken into account. Much of the return differential can be attributed to the fact that Democratic presidencies are associated with higher market and default risk premiums than their Republican counterparts.