Peer punishment in teams: expressive or instrumental choice?
通过小团队实验，检验惩罚是否被视为二阶公共品，结果不支持该观点，而表明惩罚是一种内在偏好，即使合作任务中人们也忽略其公共品特性。
Abstract A key question about human societies is how social norms of cooperation are enforced. Subjects who violate norms are often targeted by their peers for punishment. In an experiment with small teams we examine whether subjects treat punishment itself as a second-order public good. Results do not support this view and rather suggest a hard-wired taste for punishment; subjects are engaged in a cooperative task but ignore the public good characteristics of punishment.