Looking Fair or Being Fair: Remedial Voice Procedures in Nonunion Workplaces
分析了19.5家私营企业中非工会员工的申诉程序特征，发现这些程序虽保障申诉权且形式规范，但管理方仍掌握大部分流程和决策控制权。
We analyze the correlates and characteristics of grievance procedures covering nonunion employees in 19.5 private firms. These remedial voice procedures tend to exist in larger and completely nonunion firms that place a high value on their human resources. Although these procedures guarantee employees the right to file grievances and contain considerable procedural formality, most of them give management the lion S share of process control and decision control over employee complaints.