Does the Welfare State Affect Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants? Evidence across Countries
分析福利国家制度如何影响个人对移民的态度，发现高收入者更担心福利被稀释，低收入者则相反；移民技能水平不同，收入与技能对态度的影响方向也不同。
This paper analyzes welfare-state determinants of individual attitudes toward immigrants-within and across countries-and their interaction with labor market drivers of preferences. We consider two mechanisms through which a redistributive welfare system might adjust as a result of immigration. Under the first model, immigration has a larger impact on high-income individuals, while under the second one lowincome individuals are those most affected. Individual attitudes are consistent with the first welfare-state model and with labor market determinants. In countries where immigration is unskilled, income is negatively correlated with pro-immigration preferences, while skill is positively correlated with them. These relationships are reversed in economies characterized by skilled migration.