Food Pricing Policy in Developing Countries: Bias against Agriculture or for Urban Consumers?
利用31个发展中国家1980年代初的小麦价格数据，估算生产者与消费者的名义保护系数，检验是否存在系统性的农业歧视，发现并无一致证据支持这一观点，但城市消费者确实受益于补贴和贸易政策。
Abstract Price policy discrimination against agricultural producers, in order to provide cheap food for urban consumers, has been widely cited in development forums as a cause of agricultural stagnation. Evidence is presented that suggests no consistent pattern of discrimination against producers for a major food commodity, wheat. However, consumer subsidies and trade policies have reduced bread prices to urban consumers in many countries. Price data from the early 1980s are assembled for thirty‐one developing countries. Nominal protection coefficients for producers and consumers at official and corrected exchange rates and wheat‐fertilizer price ratios are estimated for each country.