The Access Pricing Problem: A Synthesis
分析了Baumol-Willig有效成分定价规则中的机会成本概念，在不同需求和供给条件下（如产品差异化、绕过和替代可能性）机会成本会降低，并展示了Ramsey接入定价方法与有效成分定价规则的关系。
The Baumol-Willig efficient component pricing rule states that it is efficient to set the price of access to an essential facility equal to the direct cost of access plus the opportunity cost to the integrated access provider. The authors analyze the relevant notion of 'opportunity cost' under various assumptions about demand and supply conditions, including product differentiation, bypass, and substitution possibilities, which all reduce opportunity cost compared to the benchmark case. They show that the Ramsey approach to access pricing developed by J.-J. Laffont and J. Tirole (1994) is closely related to the efficient component pricing rule provided opportunity cost is correctly interpreted.