The Preventive Check in Medieval and Preindustrial England
利用庄园和教区数据，证明中世纪和早期现代英格兰存在预防性抑制，即婚姻和出生对生活水平变化的短期响应，对人口史和经济史学者有参考价值。
England's post-Reformation demographic regime has been characterized as “low pressure.” Yet the evidence hitherto for the presence of a preventive check, defined as the short-run response of marriage and births to variations in living standards, is rather weak. New evidence in this article strengthens the case for the preventive check in both medieval and early modern England. We invoke manorial data to argue the case for a preventive check on marriages in the Middle Ages. Our analysis of the post-1540 period, based on parish-level rather than aggregate data, finds evidence for a preventive check on marriages and births.