The effect of job loss and unemployment duration on suicide risk in the United States: a new look using mass‐layoffs and unemployment duration
利用1996-2005年美国各州月度数据，区分失业事件本身与失业持续时间对自杀风险的不同影响，发现失业持续时间是主要驱动因素，但大规模裁员后短期内自杀风险也会上升。
We examine the link between employment status and suicide risk using a panel of US states from 1996 to 2005 with monthly data on suicides, the duration of unemployment spells and the number of job losses associated with mass-layoff events. The use of aggregate data at the monthly level along with the distribution of unemployment duration allows us to separate the effect of job loss from the effect of unemployment duration, an important distinction for policy purposes, especially for the timing of potential interventions. Our results are consistent with unemployment duration being the dominant force in the relationship between job loss and suicide. Nevertheless, mass-layoffs may be powerful localized events where suicide risk increases shortly afterward. Implications for the design of unemployment insurance are discussed.