Voting as Communicating
建立模型，认为选民投票时既关心当前决策（策略性），也关心通过投票传达对最偏好候选人的看法以影响未来选举。研究发现，由于投票具有沟通功能，选举制度应促进有效沟通，例如采用两轮投票制而非一轮制。
This paper develops a model where voters trade-off two different motives when deciding how to vote: they care about current decision-making (they are "strategic"), but they also care about communicating their views about their most-preferred candidate so as to influence future elections, by influencing other voters' opinion and/or party positioning. In effect, voters in this model are intermediate between "strategic" and "sincere" voters of conventional models in elections with more than 2 candidates. This allows us to better investigate the relative efficiency of various electoral systems: our main conclusion is that since voting is used as a communication device electoral systems should be designed to facilitate efficient communication, e.g. by opting for 2-round systems rather than 1-round systems.