Noncapital Investment Costs and the Adoption of CAD and CNC in U.S. Metalworking Industries
研究发现工厂规模是预测CAD和CNC采用的最强因素，而企业规模和多工厂运营的影响在控制工厂规模后消失；仅非资本成本分摊解释得到支持。
Many studies have shown that firm size is the strongest and most consistent predictor of the adoption of technological innovations, but the causes for this relationship are debated. I investigate the relationships between various size measures and the adoption of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools. Plant size is the dominant factor in predicting CAD and CNC adoption. Other measures such as firm size or multiplant operations have independent effects that are not present after controlling for plant size. I test four potential explanations for the results: noncapital cost spreading, equipment replacement, risk aversion, and learning. There is support only for the first explanation.