Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?
综述了环境规制与竞争力之间关系的证据，发现环境规制对净出口、贸易流和工厂选址的影响很小或不显著，也缺乏证据支持环境规制能刺激创新和提升竞争力。
This survey assesses evidence on the linkage between environmental regulation and competitiveness, and finds little support for the conventional wisdom that environmental regulations have large adverse effects on competitiveness. Studies examining the effects of environmental regulations on net exports, overall trade flows, and plant-location decisions have produced estimates that are small, statistically insignificant, or not robust. We also find no systematic evidence supporting the revisionist hypothesis that environmental regulations stimulate innovation and improved competitiveness. Overall, the evidence suggests that the truth regarding the relationship between environmental protection and international competitiveness lies in between the extremes of the current debate.