Informal Employment in a Growing and Globalizing Low-Income Country
研究了越南这一快速增长、工业化低收入国家中劳动力从非正规部门向正规部门转移的若干事实，发现年轻、受过教育、男性、城市工人更易转向正规部门，而教育程度低、年长、女性、农村工人则几乎无正规化前景。
We document several facts about workforce transitions from the informal to the formal sector in Vietnam, a fast growing, industrializing, and low-income country. First, younger workers, particularly migrants, are more likely to work in the formal sector and stay there permanently. Second, the decline in the aggregate share of informal employment occurs through changes between and within birth cohorts. Third, younger, educated, male, and urban workers are more likely to switch to the formal sector than other workers initially in the informal sector. Poorly educated, older, female, rural workers face little prospect of formalization. Fourth, formalization coincides with occupational upgrading.