RIGID PRICES: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. SCANNER DATA
利用美国两个小城市的周度扫描数据，研究杂货店定价决策的时间依赖性和状态依赖性，发现名义调整概率随时间递减，且当店铺价格偏离其他店铺平均价格较大时调整概率最高。
This article uses weekly scanner data from two small U.S. cities to characterize time and state dependence of grocers' pricing decisions. In these data, the probability of a nominal adjustment declines with the time since the last price change. A store's price for a particular product typically goes through several price changes in rapid succession before settling down. We also detect state dependence: The probability of a nominal adjustment is highest when a store's price substantially differs from the average of other stores' prices. However, extreme relative prices typically reflect the store's recent changes instead of changes in average prices.