Incumbent and Entrant Rivalry in a Deregulated Industry
研究了1980至1993年美国卡车运输业放松价格和进入管制后，新进入者和在位企业在竞争强度上的差异，发现经验丰富但规模小的新进入者以及管制前经验有限的大在位者对竞争对手压力最大。
This paper examines how two general cohorts of firms, entrants and incumbents, differ in their competitive intensity following price and entry deregulation in the trucking industry from 1980 to 1993. The results demonstrate that the competitive strength associated with entrants’ experience is reduced as they grow. However, organizational size dampens the positive effect of competitive experience on the exit rate more slowly for incumbents that were large at deregulation than it does for entrants. The results suggest that two types of firms exert the strongest pressure on rivals: entrants that gain experience but remain small under deregulation, and incumbents that are large but had limited prederegulation experience.