A Modest Proposal for Inclusion of Women's Household Human Capital Production in Analysis of Structural Transformation
研究发现新古典经济学描述的结构转型事实在按性别分解后出现异常，女性经济活动率远低于男性且与人均GDP关联弱，提出缺失的女性劳动投入于第四部门（人力资本的生产与维护），并首次粗略估算该部门的国家级价值。
Neoclassical economists posit a set of stylized facts which mark the structural transformation of national economies. Yet these facts, when disaggregated by gender, exhibit puzzling anomalies. For the 132 countries in our sample, female rates of economic activity are much lower than men's, and GDP per capita accounts for less than 16 percent of the variation in female rates. We argue that the missing female labor is occupied in a fourth sector-production and maintenance of human capital. Utilizing a series of heroic assumptions, the paper makes a first rough estimate of the value of this sector on a country-by-country basis.