Lessons From Quantile Panel Estimation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
用分位数回归固定效应模型分析美国氮氧化物和二氧化硫数据，发现条件中位数估计与条件均值估计在减排前景上存在差异，且条件中位数模型对异常值更稳健。
We employ quantile regression fixed effects models to estimate the income-pollution relationship on NO x (nitrogen oxide) and SO 2 (sulfur dioxide) using U.S. data. Conditional median results suggest that conditional mean methods provide too optimistic estimates about emissions reduction for NO x , while the opposite is found for SO 2 . Deleting outlier states reverses the absence of a turning point for SO 2 in the conditional mean model, while the conditional median model is robust to them. We also document the relationship's sensitivity to including additional covariates for NO x , and undertake simulations to shed light on some estimation issues of the methods employed.