Vicarious Learning: The Influence of Modeling on Organizational Behavior
基于社会学习理论，解释员工通过观察榜样进行替代性学习的过程，包括注意、保持、动作再现和动机四个环节，并指出榜样的吸引力、能力和成功程度会影响模仿行为，对管理者利用日常示范和正式培训改变组织行为有指导意义。
The social learning theory notion of vicarious learning through modeling can elucidate the phenomenon of behavioral change in organizations. Vicarious learning encompasses attentional, retention, motor reproduction, and motivational processes. If any of these processes is lacking or impaired, the learner is less likely to perform an observed behavior. Whether or not a model is attractive, competent, and successful contributes to the overall probability of that model's behavior being imitated by others. Managers need to use modeling effectively to enhance the achievement of organizational and personal goals. In particular, attention should be given to day-to-day modeling as well as to formal training to effect organizational behavior changes.