Inferring gender bias from mortality data: A discussion note
针对撒哈拉以南非洲是否存在性别偏见的争论，提出一种无需外部标准人口参照的方法，利用印度1981年人口普查的婴儿和五岁以下死亡率及性别比数据来推断性别偏见的存在。
In a recent issue of this journal, Klasen [1996] and Svedberg [1990, 1996] have expressed diverging opinions on the nature of gender bias in sub‐Saharan Africa. The divergence arises partly out of the choice of indicators and partly out of the choice of standards. It is possible, however, to infer the existence of such bias without using referents from some external ‘standard’ population. Such an approach, using the infant and the under‐five mortality data by sex and the data on sex ratios in the 0–4 and 5–9 age groups from the Indian population census of 1981, is described below. It is suggested that this type of approach will be useful in resolving the above debate.