Creating a Bureau-Adhocracy: Integrating Standardized and Innovative Services in a Professional Work Group
通过纵向案例研究，探讨小型专业组织如何在同一团队中同时提供标准化和创新服务，提出科层-灵活组织的形成过程包括学习机制和两个发展阶段（幼稚期与成熟期）。
This paper explores the organizing dilemmas of professionals who work in small organizations that attempt to provide standardized and innovative services with the same staff. Mintzberg (1979) suggested that the bureau-adhocracy would be the most appropriate form for coping with such conditions but did not elaborate on how it might develop or be maintained over time. The longitudinal the case study reported here supports this claim and goes further in two fundamental areas with respect to the smaller professional enterprise: First, it describes some of the learning processes involved in the creation of this hybrid, and second, it suggests the existence of two definable stages in the form's development, i.e., naive and mature.